Replacing a water heater element might seem daunting, but with the right tools and a bit of know-how, it's a manageable DIY plumbing fix that can save you a significant amount on water heater replacement cost. This guide will walk you through each step, ensuring a safe and successful replacement. Knowing when to tackle this project yourself versus calling a professional is key to effective home maintenance.
Understanding Your Water Heater Element
Before diving in, let's understand what a water heater element does. Essentially, it's the heating component within your electric water heater tank, responsible for warming the water. Most standard electric water heaters have two elements: an upper and a lower. These elements cycle on and off to maintain the set temperature. When one of these elements fails, your water heater will struggle to heat water efficiently, or may not heat it at all. If you're dealing with a gas water heater, this guide doesn’t apply, as gas heaters use a burner system, not electrical elements.
Signs of a Failing Water Heater Element
Recognizing the signs of a failing element is crucial for timely replacement. Common symptoms include: Lukewarm or Cold Water: This is the most obvious sign. If your water isn't getting hot enough, or not hot at all, a faulty element is a prime suspect. Insufficient Hot Water: You might get some hot water initially, but it quickly runs out. This suggests that one element isn't working, reducing the tank's overall heating capacity. No Hot Water: No hot water is a clear indication that at least one, and possibly both, elements have failed. Banging or Rumbling Noises: Sediment buildup around the elements can cause them to overheat and create these noises. Tripped Circuit Breaker: A shorted element can trip the circuit breaker dedicated to your water heater. Repeated tripping after resetting is a strong indicator of an electrical problem within the heater. Rust-Colored Water: While this can indicate other issues, rust around the element itself can be a sign of corrosion and impending failure.
Tools and Materials Needed
Gathering your supplies beforehand streamlines the replacement process. Here's what you'll need: New Water Heater Element: Be sure to purchase the correct voltage and wattage. Check your water heater's manual or the existing element for this information. Common sizes are 240V and wattages range from 3000W to 5500W. Water Heater Element Wrench: This specialized wrench is designed to fit the element's hexagonal head. Multi-meter: This tool is essential for testing the old element and confirming the new one is working correctly. Screwdrivers (Phillips and Flathead): For removing access panels. Pliers: For gripping and manipulating wires. Bucket and Hose: For draining the water heater. Teflon Tape: To seal the new element's threads and prevent leaks. Voltage Tester (Non-Contact): To verify that the power is off before you begin working. Gloves and Safety Glasses:For personal protection.
Step-by-Step Water Heater Element Replacement Guide
Safety First: Before starting, turn off the circuit breaker that supplies power to your water heater. Use a non-contact voltage tester to confirm that the power is off at the water heater itself. This is a critical safety step.
Step 1: Drain the Water Heater
Connect a hose to the drain valve located at the bottom of the water heater.
Run the hose to a floor drain or outside.
Open the drain valve. You may need to open a hot water faucet in your house to allow air into the tank and facilitate drainage.
Drain the tank until the water level is below the level of the lower element. Typically, draining about a quarter to a third of the tank is sufficient. Be patient, as this can take some time.
Step 2: Access the Element
Remove the access panel(s) covering the element(s). These are usually located on the side of the water heater and secured with screws.
Carefully peel back the insulation behind the panel.
Remove the plastic safety cover(s) over the electrical connections.
Step 3: Disconnect the Electrical Wiring
Using pliers, carefully disconnect the wires from the element terminals. Take note of the wire configuration (e.g., top wire to the left terminal) so you can reconnect them correctly later.
If the wires are corroded or damaged, consider replacing them as well.
Step 4: Remove the Old Element
Insert the water heater element wrench onto the element's hexagonal head.
Turn the wrench counterclockwise to loosen and remove the element. Be prepared for some residual water to spill out.
Inspect the opening for any sediment or debris. Clean it out if necessary.
Step 5: Install the New Element
Wrap the threads of the new element with Teflon tape, applying 2-3 layers in a clockwise direction.
Insert the new element into the opening and tighten it clockwise with the element wrench until it is snug. Do not overtighten.
Step 6: Reconnect the Electrical Wiring
Reconnect the wires to the element terminals, ensuring they are in the same configuration as before.
Make sure the connections are secure.
Replace the plastic safety cover(s).
Step 7: Replace the Insulation and Access Panel(s)
Carefully reposition the insulation.
Reattach the access panel(s) with the screws.
Step 8: Refill the Water Heater
Close the drain valve.
Open the hot water faucet that you opened in Step 1.
Turn on the water supply to the water heater.
Allow the tank to fill completely. You'll know it's full when water flows steadily from the open hot water faucet.
Close the hot water faucet.
Step 9: Test the New Element
Turn on the circuit breaker to the water heater.
Wait at least 30 minutes for the water to heat up.
Check the temperature of the hot water at a faucet.
Use a multimeter to test the voltage across the element terminals to ensure it's receiving power.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Forgetting to Turn Off the Power: This is a potentially fatal mistake. Always double-check that the circuit breaker is off and use a voltage tester to confirm. Overtightening the Element: Overtightening can damage the element and the tank threads, leading to leaks. Using the Wrong Element: Ensure you have the correct voltage and wattage element for your water heater model. Skipping the Teflon Tape: Teflon tape is essential for creating a watertight seal. Not Draining Enough Water: Insufficient drainage can make the element removal messy and potentially dangerous. Ignoring Sediment Buildup: Sediment can shorten the lifespan of your new element. Flush the tank periodically to prevent buildup.
Preventive Maintenance Tips
Flush the Water Heater Regularly: Drain a few gallons of water from the tank every 3-6 months to remove sediment. Check the Anode Rod: The anode rod protects the tank from corrosion. Replace it every 3-5 years, depending on water quality. This is often done when considering water heater replacement cost. Inspect the Elements: Periodically check the elements for signs of corrosion or damage. Maintain Proper Water Temperature: Setting the water temperature too high can shorten the lifespan of the elements and increase energy consumption. A setting of 120°F (49°C) is generally recommended.
Water Heater Replacement Cost: DIY vs. Professional
Replacing a water heater element yourself can save you a significant amount of money. The element itself typically costs between $20 and $50. The tools, if you don't already own them, might add another $30-$50. Therefore, the total DIY cost could range from $50 to $100.
Hiring a professional plumber to replace the element can cost anywhere from $150 to $300, including parts and labor. The price depends on the plumber's hourly rate and the complexity of the job.
Consider calling a professional if you're uncomfortable working with electricity or plumbing, or if you encounter any unexpected issues during the replacement process. Sometimes, the cost of calling a plumber outweighs the risk of further damage or injury. If your water heater is old (over 10 years), consider the cost of a full water heater replacement.
RV Water Heater Element Replacement
The process for replacing an element in an RV water heater is very similar to that of a residential water heater, but there are a few RV-specific considerations. RV water heaters are generally smaller and may have different element configurations. Always consult your RV's owner's manual for specific instructions and element specifications. If you are also dealing with replacing refrigerator water filter or other RV plumbing replacement, consult those appliance-specific guides.
Related DIY Plumbing Fixes
Besides replacing a water heater element, many other DIY plumbing fixes can save you money. These include replacing refrigerator water filter, fixing leaky faucets, unclogging drains, and installing new showerheads. With a little research and the right tools, you can tackle many minor plumbing repairs yourself, improving your home maintenance. Just be sure to prioritize safety and consult a professional when dealing with more complex or potentially dangerous issues. Even simple tasks like bottle lid replacement fall under the umbrella of home maintenance.
Brand-Specific Notes
While the general replacement process is similar across brands, there may be some brand-specific nuances. For example, some Frigidaire and Whirlpool water heaters may have unique element designs or access panel configurations. GE water heaters might have specific diagnostic codes that can help you identify the faulty element. Always refer to your water heater's manual for brand-specific instructions and troubleshooting tips.
Conclusion
Replacing a water heater element is a manageable DIY project that can save you money. By following these step-by-step instructions and taking the necessary safety precautions, you can successfully replace the element and restore your water heater to its full heating capacity. Remember to prioritize safety, gather the right tools, and consult a professional if you're unsure about any step in the process. Regular maintenance, like flushing the tank, will also help to extend the life of your water heater and prevent future problems.